General

Action Shortcut
Open Spotlight search CmdSpaceN/AN/A
Open Force Quit Applications window CmdOptionEscN/AN/A
Open System Settings Cmd,N/AN/A
Lock the screen CmdCtrlQN/AN/A
Put display to sleep CmdCtrlPowerN/AN/A
Log out of current user CmdShiftQN/AN/A
Open Emoji & Symbols picker CmdCtrlSpaceN/AN/A
Show or hide the Spotlight window CmdOptionSpaceN/AN/A
Open About This Mac FnF1N/AN/A
Increase keyboard brightness FnF6N/AN/A

Window & App Management

Action Shortcut
Switch to next application CmdTabN/AN/A
Switch to previous application CmdShiftTabN/AN/A
Minimize front window to Dock CmdMN/AN/A
Minimize all windows of front app CmdOptionMN/AN/A
Hide the front application CmdHN/AN/A
Hide all other applications CmdOptionHN/AN/A
Toggle full screen mode CmdCtrlFN/AN/A
Close the front window CmdWN/AN/A
Close all windows of the app CmdOptionWN/AN/A
Quit the front application CmdQN/AN/A
Cycle through windows of the current app Cmd`N/AN/A
Open Mission Control CtrlUpN/AN/A

Finder

Action Shortcut
Open a new Finder window CmdNN/AN/A
Open Get Info for selected item CmdIN/AN/A
Open Go to Folder dialog CmdShiftGN/AN/A
Quick Look selected file SpaceN/AN/A
Open AirDrop window CmdShiftRN/AN/A
Create a new folder CmdShiftNN/AN/A
Move selected items to Trash CmdDeleteN/AN/A
Empty the Trash CmdShiftDeleteN/AN/A
Show or hide the path bar CmdOptionPN/AN/A
Toggle hidden files in Finder CmdShift.N/AN/A
Open Downloads folder CmdOptionLN/AN/A
Duplicate selected files CmdDN/AN/A

Screenshots

Action Shortcut
Capture entire screen to file CmdShift3N/AN/A
Capture entire screen to clipboard CmdCtrlShift3N/AN/A
Capture selected region to file CmdShift4N/AN/A
Capture selected region to clipboard CmdCtrlShift4N/AN/A
Capture a window to file CmdShift4SpaceN/AN/A
Capture a window to clipboard CmdCtrlShift4SpaceN/AN/A
Open Screenshot toolbar CmdShift5N/AN/A
Record entire screen (via toolbar) CmdShift5N/AN/A

Text Editing

Action Shortcut
Move cursor to beginning of line CmdLeftN/AN/A
Move cursor to end of line CmdRightN/AN/A
Move cursor to beginning of document CmdUpN/AN/A
Move cursor to end of document CmdDownN/AN/A
Move cursor one word left OptionLeftN/AN/A
Move cursor one word right OptionRightN/AN/A
Delete word before cursor OptionDeleteN/AN/A
Forward-delete word after cursor OptionFnDeleteN/AN/A
Delete to beginning of line CmdDeleteN/AN/A
Insert special character (accent menu) Long press letter keyN/AN/A
Select all text CmdAN/AN/A
Undo last action CmdZN/AN/A

Dock & Menu Bar

Action Shortcut
Toggle Dock auto-hide CmdOptionDN/AN/A
Open Notification Center Click date in menu barN/AN/A
Move focus to the menu bar CtrlF2N/AN/A
Move focus to the Dock CtrlF3N/AN/A
Move focus to the active window CtrlF4N/AN/A
Move focus to the window toolbar CtrlF5N/AN/A
Move focus to the floating window CtrlF6N/AN/A
Open the Apple menu CtrlF2EnterN/AN/A
Move focus to status menus CtrlF8N/AN/A

Accessibility

Action Shortcut
Toggle VoiceOver on or off CmdF5N/AN/A
Open Accessibility Options panel OptionCmdF5N/AN/A
Zoom in CmdOption=N/AN/A
Zoom out CmdOption-N/AN/A
Toggle zoom CmdOption8N/AN/A
Start or stop Dictation FnFnN/AN/A
Invert display colors CmdOptionCtrl8N/AN/A
Increase contrast CmdOptionCtrl.N/AN/A
Decrease contrast CmdOptionCtrl,N/AN/A

Spaces & Mission Control

Action Shortcut
Open Mission Control CtrlUpN/AN/A
Show application windows (App Expose) CtrlDownN/AN/A
Show the desktop FnF11N/AN/A
Move left one Space CtrlLeftN/AN/A
Move right one Space CtrlRightN/AN/A
Switch to Desktop 1 Ctrl1N/AN/A
Switch to Desktop 2 Ctrl2N/AN/A
Switch to Desktop 3 Ctrl3N/AN/A
Open Mission Control settings CtrlUpUpN/AN/A
Show the desktop (spread) CmdF3N/AN/A
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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I take a screenshot on a Mac?
Press Cmd+Shift+3 to capture the entire screen, or Cmd+Shift+4 to select a specific region. Add the Space bar after Cmd+Shift+4 to capture a single window. All screenshots save to your Desktop by default. Add Ctrl to any of these combos to copy to clipboard instead of saving a file. Press Cmd+Shift+5 to open the full Screenshot toolbar with recording options.
What is the Mac equivalent of Ctrl+Alt+Delete?
The closest equivalent is Cmd+Option+Esc, which opens the Force Quit Applications window where you can select and force-quit unresponsive apps. To lock your screen, press Cmd+Ctrl+Q. To restart or shut down, use the Apple menu or hold the power button.
How do I switch between open applications on macOS?
Press Cmd+Tab to open the application switcher, then keep holding Cmd while pressing Tab to cycle forward through apps, or Shift+Tab to cycle backward. Release Cmd to switch to the highlighted app. You can also press Cmd+` (backtick) to cycle through windows of the current application.
How do I access special characters and emoji on macOS?
Press Cmd+Ctrl+Space to open the Emoji & Symbols picker, which includes emoji, arrows, math symbols, and more. For accented characters, press and hold a letter key to see available accent variations, then press the corresponding number or click the character you want.
How do I manage multiple desktops and Spaces on Mac?
Press Ctrl+Up to enter Mission Control and see all your Spaces. Move between Spaces with Ctrl+Left and Ctrl+Right. Switch directly to a numbered desktop with Ctrl+1, Ctrl+2, etc. To add a new Space, enter Mission Control and click the plus button in the top-right corner. Drag windows between Spaces in Mission Control view.