macOS Keyboard Shortcuts
Complete keyboard shortcut reference for macOS operating system.
General
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Open Spotlight search | CmdSpaceN/AN/A |
| Open Force Quit Applications window | CmdOptionEscN/AN/A |
| Open System Settings | Cmd,N/AN/A |
| Lock the screen | CmdCtrlQN/AN/A |
| Put display to sleep | CmdCtrlPowerN/AN/A |
| Log out of current user | CmdShiftQN/AN/A |
| Open Emoji & Symbols picker | CmdCtrlSpaceN/AN/A |
| Show or hide the Spotlight window | CmdOptionSpaceN/AN/A |
| Open About This Mac | FnF1N/AN/A |
| Increase keyboard brightness | FnF6N/AN/A |
Window & App Management
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Switch to next application | CmdTabN/AN/A |
| Switch to previous application | CmdShiftTabN/AN/A |
| Minimize front window to Dock | CmdMN/AN/A |
| Minimize all windows of front app | CmdOptionMN/AN/A |
| Hide the front application | CmdHN/AN/A |
| Hide all other applications | CmdOptionHN/AN/A |
| Toggle full screen mode | CmdCtrlFN/AN/A |
| Close the front window | CmdWN/AN/A |
| Close all windows of the app | CmdOptionWN/AN/A |
| Quit the front application | CmdQN/AN/A |
| Cycle through windows of the current app | Cmd`N/AN/A |
| Open Mission Control | CtrlUpN/AN/A |
Finder
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Open a new Finder window | CmdNN/AN/A |
| Open Get Info for selected item | CmdIN/AN/A |
| Open Go to Folder dialog | CmdShiftGN/AN/A |
| Quick Look selected file | SpaceN/AN/A |
| Open AirDrop window | CmdShiftRN/AN/A |
| Create a new folder | CmdShiftNN/AN/A |
| Move selected items to Trash | CmdDeleteN/AN/A |
| Empty the Trash | CmdShiftDeleteN/AN/A |
| Show or hide the path bar | CmdOptionPN/AN/A |
| Toggle hidden files in Finder | CmdShift.N/AN/A |
| Open Downloads folder | CmdOptionLN/AN/A |
| Duplicate selected files | CmdDN/AN/A |
Screenshots
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Capture entire screen to file | CmdShift3N/AN/A |
| Capture entire screen to clipboard | CmdCtrlShift3N/AN/A |
| Capture selected region to file | CmdShift4N/AN/A |
| Capture selected region to clipboard | CmdCtrlShift4N/AN/A |
| Capture a window to file | CmdShift4SpaceN/AN/A |
| Capture a window to clipboard | CmdCtrlShift4SpaceN/AN/A |
| Open Screenshot toolbar | CmdShift5N/AN/A |
| Record entire screen (via toolbar) | CmdShift5N/AN/A |
Text Editing
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Move cursor to beginning of line | CmdLeftN/AN/A |
| Move cursor to end of line | CmdRightN/AN/A |
| Move cursor to beginning of document | CmdUpN/AN/A |
| Move cursor to end of document | CmdDownN/AN/A |
| Move cursor one word left | OptionLeftN/AN/A |
| Move cursor one word right | OptionRightN/AN/A |
| Delete word before cursor | OptionDeleteN/AN/A |
| Forward-delete word after cursor | OptionFnDeleteN/AN/A |
| Delete to beginning of line | CmdDeleteN/AN/A |
| Insert special character (accent menu) | Long press letter keyN/AN/A |
| Select all text | CmdAN/AN/A |
| Undo last action | CmdZN/AN/A |
Accessibility
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Toggle VoiceOver on or off | CmdF5N/AN/A |
| Open Accessibility Options panel | OptionCmdF5N/AN/A |
| Zoom in | CmdOption=N/AN/A |
| Zoom out | CmdOption-N/AN/A |
| Toggle zoom | CmdOption8N/AN/A |
| Start or stop Dictation | FnFnN/AN/A |
| Invert display colors | CmdOptionCtrl8N/AN/A |
| Increase contrast | CmdOptionCtrl.N/AN/A |
| Decrease contrast | CmdOptionCtrl,N/AN/A |
Spaces & Mission Control
| Action | Shortcut |
|---|---|
| Open Mission Control | CtrlUpN/AN/A |
| Show application windows (App Expose) | CtrlDownN/AN/A |
| Show the desktop | FnF11N/AN/A |
| Move left one Space | CtrlLeftN/AN/A |
| Move right one Space | CtrlRightN/AN/A |
| Switch to Desktop 1 | Ctrl1N/AN/A |
| Switch to Desktop 2 | Ctrl2N/AN/A |
| Switch to Desktop 3 | Ctrl3N/AN/A |
| Open Mission Control settings | CtrlUpUpN/AN/A |
| Show the desktop (spread) | CmdF3N/AN/A |
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Frequently Asked Questions
How do I take a screenshot on a Mac?
Press Cmd+Shift+3 to capture the entire screen, or Cmd+Shift+4 to select a specific region. Add the Space bar after Cmd+Shift+4 to capture a single window. All screenshots save to your Desktop by default. Add Ctrl to any of these combos to copy to clipboard instead of saving a file. Press Cmd+Shift+5 to open the full Screenshot toolbar with recording options.
What is the Mac equivalent of Ctrl+Alt+Delete?
The closest equivalent is Cmd+Option+Esc, which opens the Force Quit Applications window where you can select and force-quit unresponsive apps. To lock your screen, press Cmd+Ctrl+Q. To restart or shut down, use the Apple menu or hold the power button.
How do I switch between open applications on macOS?
Press Cmd+Tab to open the application switcher, then keep holding Cmd while pressing Tab to cycle forward through apps, or Shift+Tab to cycle backward. Release Cmd to switch to the highlighted app. You can also press Cmd+` (backtick) to cycle through windows of the current application.
How do I access special characters and emoji on macOS?
Press Cmd+Ctrl+Space to open the Emoji & Symbols picker, which includes emoji, arrows, math symbols, and more. For accented characters, press and hold a letter key to see available accent variations, then press the corresponding number or click the character you want.
How do I manage multiple desktops and Spaces on Mac?
Press Ctrl+Up to enter Mission Control and see all your Spaces. Move between Spaces with Ctrl+Left and Ctrl+Right. Switch directly to a numbered desktop with Ctrl+1, Ctrl+2, etc. To add a new Space, enter Mission Control and click the plus button in the top-right corner. Drag windows between Spaces in Mission Control view.